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A

An Early Tibetan Survey of Buddhist Literature +

* '''Contents'''vi * '''Acknowledgements'''ix * '''Abbreviations'''x * '''Part One. Introduction'''1 ** 1. The Career of Bcom ldan ral gri3 ** 2. The Context of Bcom ldan ral gri's ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'': A Preliminary Survey of the Production of Tibetan Canonical Collections under Mongol Rule9 *** 2.1 Canonical Collections before "Bka' 'gyur" and "Bstan 'gyur"9 *** 2.2 Early Canonical Production in the Sa skya Tradition14 *** 2.3 Canonical Production at Tshal and Elsewhere32 *** 2.4 Local Variation in the Contents of Early Kangyurs and Tengyurs41 *** 2.5 Bcom ldan ral gri and Debates on the Canonicity of the ''Guhyagarbha Tantra''46 ** 3. The Structure, Contents, and Date of the ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od''51 ** 4. Conventions71 ** '''Appendices'''x ** 1. Outline of the ''Bstan bcos kyi dkar chag'' by Dbus pa Blo gsal Rtsod pa'i seng ge (ca. 1270-ca. 1355)75 ** 2. Outline of Chapter Four of Bu ston Rin chen grub's (1290-1364) ''History''77 ** 3. A Comparison of Sections in the ''Lhan dkar ma, 'Phyang thang ma'', and ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od''85 ** 4. The '''Phang thang ma'' Section Titles in Bcom ldan ral gri's 1261 ''Thub pa'i bstan pa rgyan gyi me tog''87 ** 5. Section titles of the Zhwa lu/Sne'u gdong 1362 ''Bstan 'gyur''89 ** 6. Titles in the ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'' corresponding to titles of missing works in Bu ston Rin chen grub's ''History''91 ** Select Bibliographies93 * '''Part Two. The ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'''''102 ** Title104 ** Opening Verse104 ** 1. How Tibet Developed105 ** 2. How Buddhism Developed in Tibet108 ** 3. Prajñāpāramitā115 ** 4. Avatamsaka118 ** 5. Ratnakūta120 ** 6. Mahāyāna Sūtras124 ** 7. Hīnayāna Sūtras135 ** 8. Dhāranī140 ** 9. *Nāma, Pranidhāna, and Mangala150 ** 10. Sūtra Commentaries154 ** 11. Translations from Chinese and Khotanese159 ** 12. Vinaya163 ** 13. Abhidharma166 ** 14. Cittamātra Śāstra168 ** 15. Madhyamaka Śāstra171 ** 16. Bodhisattvacārya and Bhāvanākrama174 ** 17. Stotra177 ** 18. Guhyamantra180 ** 19. Tarka189 ** 20. Partial Unrevised Translations192 ** 21. How Translators, Scholars, Kings, and Ministers Appeared in Tibet213 ** 22. Translations by Lo tsā ba Rin chen bzang po197 ** 23. Translations by Students of Rin chen bzang po209 ** 24. Translations by Lo tsā ba Nag tsho Tshul khrims rgyal ba213 ** 25. Translations Just After Atiśa (ca. 982-ca.1054) Passed Away220 ** 26. Translations by 'Brog mi Lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab and Others228 ** 27. Translations by Rngog Lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab and Others237 ** 28. Translations by Pa tshab Lo tsā ba Nyi ma grags and Others245 ** 29. A Classification of Authentic and Inauthentic Sūtras, Tantra, and Śāstras255 ** 30. Works Composed up to the Era of Emperor Khri Ral pa can263 ** 31. Concluding Instruction274 * Concluding Verses277 * Colophon277 * Post-colophonic Gloss277

An English Translation of Fa-Tsang's Commentary on the Awakening of Faith +

* Preface by Chung-ying Chengi * Introduction1 * ''Commentary on the Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna''25 * I. Reasons the Teachings were Brought Forth in the Text27 * II. The Place of the Text Among the Canonical Collections29 * III. The Place of the Text Among Divisions of the Doctrine34 * IV. The Range of Karmic Potentials Covered by the Text’s Doctrine42 * V. The Essence of the Teachings the Text can Illustrate49 * VI: The Central Tenet and Paths Expounded in the Text52 * VII. The Tex's Title53 * VIII. The Time of the Text's Composition57 * IX. The Translator and Period of the Translation57 * X. Exegetical Explanation of the Text59 ** A. Preface61 ** B. Main Principles75 *** 1. Reasons for Writing79 *** 2. Establishing the Significance of the Term Mahāyāna89 *** 3. Explanation97 **** Revelation of the True Meaning of Mahāyāna98 **** The Mind-as-Thusness103 **** The Mind-as-''saṃsāra''117 **** Two Aspects of the Mind-as-''saṃsāra''125 ***** The Aspect of Enlightenment129 ***** The Aspect of Non-enlightenment164 **** The Causes and Conditions of the Mind-as-''saṃsāra''180 **** Characteristics of the Mind-as-''saṃsāra''208 **** Correcting Evil Attachments259 **** Characteristics of Progressing on the Path to Enlightenment269 *** 4. Cultivating Practice and the Faithful Mind297 *** 5. Encouraging Practice and Explaining its Benefits331 ** C. Extending These Principles to the World335 * Notes337 * Bibliography437 * Index445

An Introduction to Buddhism (Takasaki) +

* Preface to the English Versioniii * A Note on Foreign Wordsviii * Introduction: What is Buddhism?1 ** Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha: The Three Constituents of Buddhism3 ** Taking Refuge in the Three Treasures5 ** The Absolute Nature of the Dharma8 ** Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna: The "Greater" and "Lesser" Vehicles11 ** The Buddhist Canon (''tri-piṭaka'')16 * I. The Life of Śākyamuni23 ** The Buddha Śākyamuni23 ** Biographies of the Buddha25 ** Birth and Renunciation28 ** Austerities and Enlightenment31 ** The Beginnings of Śākyamuni's Teaching Ministry: His First Sermon34 ** Dissemination of the Teaching and the Growth of the Community38 ** The Great Decease42 ** Erection of ''Stūpas'' and the First Council45 * II. The True Nature of the Buddha49 ** Designations of the Buddha50 ** Buddha and Tathāgata53 ** The Former Lives of the Buddha55 ** The Buddhas of the Three Ages59 ** The Buddhas of the Ten Directions61 ** Material Body and Dharma-Body64 ** The Theory of Three Bodies68 * III. Dharma: The Buddhist Conception of Truth70 ** The Meanings of ''Dharma''70 ** The Basis of the Teaching: Dependent Co-arising and the Four Noble Truths76 ** Śākyamuni's: Philosophical Position: The Ten or Fourteen Unanswerables85 ** "Dharma-seals": The Watchwords of Buddhism89 ** ''Saṃskāra'' and ''Dharma'': The Dependently Co-arisen96 ** ''Dharmatā'': The Principle of Dependent Co-arising100 ** The Conception· of Truth in Mahāyāna Buddhism104 ** Supreme Truth and Conventional Truth105 * IV. ''Sarva-dharmāh'': The Constituent Elements of Existence107 ** The Classification of the Constituent Elements of Existence in the Early Canon: The Five Aggregates, Twelve Sense-Fields, and Eighteen Realms107 ** The Sarvāstivādin Classification of the Constituent Elements of Existence: The Five Categories and Seventy-five Elements114 ** The Sarvāstivādin Theory of the Elements: The Elements Exist Eternally120 ** The Mahāyānist Conception of the Elements: All is Empty126 * V. Transmigration, Karma, and Mental Defilements128 ** Transmigratory Existence: The Three Realms and Six Paths128 ** Karma137 ** Mental Defilements141 ** The Twelvefold Chain of Dependent Co-arising149 * VI. The Path to Enlightenment163 ** Nirvāṇa and Enlightenment163 ** The Mahāyānist Conception of Nirvāṇa168 ** The Path to Enlightenment170 ** The Noble Eightfold Path172 ** The Three Disciplines: Morality, Meditation, and Wisdom174 ** Faith and Practice188 ** Practices for· the Welfare of Others191 ** The Practices of the Bodhisattva: The Six Perfections193 * VII. Mind: The Agency of Practice198 ** No-self and Subjective Agency198 ** Mind (''citta'', ''manas'', and ''vijñāna'')200 ** Mind-only and Cognition-only205 ** The Innately Pure Mind and the Embryo of the Tathāgata215 ** Enlightenment and Salvation223 * VIII. The Ideal Practitioner227 ** The Concept "Man"227 ** Ordinary Man and Holy Man228 ** The Stages of the Bodhisattva233 ** "One Vehide" and "Three Vehicles"240 * IX. The Precepts and the Organization of the Community246 ** The Meaning of ''Saṃgha''246 ** The Organization of the Community250 ** Community Regulations255 * X. The History of Buddhism263 ** 1. Buddhism in India and the Surrounding Lands264 *** The Basic Schism264 *** The Mauryan Dynasty and Dissemination to Sri Lanka266 *** The Kushan Dynasty and the Northern Tradition of Buddhism267 *** The Characteristics of Schismatic Buddhism268 *** The Birth of Mahāyāna Buddhism269 *** The Mādhyamika and Yogācāra Schools270 *** The Age of Esoteric Buddhism272 *** Tibetan Buddhism275 *** The Southern Tradition of Buddhism277 *** The Revival of Buddhism in India278 ** 2. Chinese Buddhism279 *** The Introduction of Buddhism279 *** Buddhism Takes Root: The Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties280 *** The Establishment of Chinese Buddhism: The Sui and T'ang Dynasties283 *** Subsequent Developments290 ** 3. Korean Buddhism290 ** 4. Japanese Buddhism293 *** The Introduction of Buddhism and Prince Shōtoku293 *** The Sects of the Nara Period294 *** The Tendai and Shingon Sects297 *** The Rise of the Pure Land Teachings300 *** The Introduction of the Zen Sects301 *** The Nichiren and Ji Sects303 *** Buddhism since the Muromachi Period305 * Sources309 * Select Bibliography315 * General Index325 * Character Index352 * The Author; the Translator375

Approaching the Great Perfection +

* Prefacexi * List of Abbreviationsxv * Part I: Introduction1 * Chapter One: Approaches to Enlightenment3 ** The Great Perfection3 ** Simultaneous and Gradual11 * Chapter Two: Jigme Lingpa21 ** The Life and Education of Jigme Lingpa21 ** Jigme Lingpa's Works25 * Chapter Three: The Longchen Nyingtig31 ** 1. Treasure Texts31 ** 2. Revelation, Writing, and Publishing34 ** 3. The Contents of the Longchen Nyingtig40 * Part II: Simultaneous and Gradual49 * Chapter Four: Immanence and Distinction51 ** 1. Key Concepts of the Seminal Heart51 ** 2. Immanence54 ** 3. Distinction56 ** 4. Reconciling Immanence with Distinction: The Buddha Nature63 * Chapter Five: The Simultaneous Approach71 ** 1. Criticism of Causal Practice71 ** 2. Criticism of Inferior Approaches76 ** 3. The Rejection of Stages in Realization91 * Chapter Six: The Gradual Approach93 ** 1. Graduated Practice within the Longchen Nyingtig93 ** 2. Levels of Realization106 * Chapter Seven: Interpretation and Reconciliation115 ** 1. Simultaneous and Gradual Realization: The Levels of Ability115 ** 2. The Manifestation of Enlightenment: The Khyung Bird124 ** Chapter Eight: Conclusions129 * Part III: Translations133 * Technical note on the translations135 *Treasure Texts ** 1. The Great Perfection Tantra of the Expanse of Samantabhadra's Wisdom (YLG)137 ** 2. The Subsequent Tantra of Great Perfection Instruction (GP)148 ** 3. Experiencing the Enlightened Mind of Samantabhadra (KGN)155 ** 4. Distinguishing the Three Essential Points of the Great Perfection (NSB)162 *Pure Visions ** 5. An Aspirational Prayer for the Ground, Path, and Result(ML)167 ** 6. Vajra Verses on the Natural State (DTK)170 *Supporting Texts ** 7. The White Lotus (PK)173 ** 8. The Words of the Omniscient One (KZL)208 ** 9. The Lion's Roar That Destroys the Deviations of Renunciants Meditating on the Seminal Heart (SN)225 ** 10. Seeing Nakedly the Natural State of the Great Perfection (NCT)235 * Part IV: Critical Editions239 * Technical note on the critical editions241 ** 1. rDzogs pa chen po kun tu bzang po ye shes klong gi rgyud243 ** 2. Man ngag rdzogs pa chen po rgyud phyi ma251 ** 3. Kun tu bzang po'i dgongs nyams255 ** 4. rDzogs pa chen po'i gnad gsum shan byed259 ** 5. gZhi lam bras bu'i smon lam261 ** 6. gNas lugs rdo rje tshig rkang263 ** 7. rGyab brten padma dkar po264 ** 8. Kun mkhyen zhal lung288 ** 9. Gol shor tshar gcod sengge ngar ro300 ** 10. rDzogs pa chen po gnas lugs cer mthong307 * Appendix I311 * Appendix II319 * Appendix III321 * Notes325 * Bibliography367 * Index383

Awakening the Sleeping Buddha +

* Introductionvii * 1 Buddha Nature1 * 2 Bodhichitta 23 * 3 Reincarnation and Karma 49 * 4 Emptiness 85 * 5 Tantric Science 107 * 6 Transformation 123 * 7 Enlightenment 139 * 8 Mahamudra 153 * Glossary 169 +

Açvagosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna +

* Introduction1 **Date, 2; Nativity and Peregrination, I7; Appellations, 20; Converversion, 24; Lists of Patriarchs, 32; As an Artist, 34; Works in Chinese Translations, 36; Chinese Translations of the "Discourse on the Awakening of Faith," 38; Outlines of the "Discourse on the Awakening of Faith," 41. * Adoration46 * Discourse48 **I. Introductory, 49; II. General Statement, 52; Ill. The Explanation, 55; IV. Practice of Faith, 127; V. Benefits, 146. * Glossary151 * Index155 +

B

Bde gshegs snying po rigs kyi chos skor +

* སྔོན་གླེང་ངོ་སྤྲོད་xi * དཔེ་སྐྲུན་གསལ་བཤད་xxxix * ༡ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་མཛེས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་རྒྱན། བུ་སྟོན་རིན་ཆེན་གྲུབ། 3-63 * ༢ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པ་ 65-69 * ༣ དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་མཆན་འགྲེལ། ཀརྨ་པ་མཁའ་ཁྱབ་རྡོ་རྗེ། 71-88 * ༤ ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལེགས་པར་བཤད་པ། རོང་སྟོན་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། 89-206 ** ལེའུ་དང་པོ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའི་ལེའུ་ 89-149 ** ལེའུ་གཉིས་པ། བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ལེའུ་ 150-166 ** ལེའུ་གསུམ་པ། ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ལེའུ་ 167-176 ** ལེའུ་བཞི་པ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འཕྲིན་ལས་མཛད་པའི་ལེའུ་ 177-197 ** ལེའུ་ལྔ་པ། ཕན་ཡོན་གྱི་ལེའུ་ 198-206 * ༥ ཆོས་དབྱིངས་བསྟོད་པའི་འགྲེལ་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་རྣམ་པར་ངེས་པ། ཤཱཀྱ་མཆོག་ལྡན། 207-238 * ༦ རིགས་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་དོན། རྗེ་བཙུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། 239-287 * ༧ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོའི་སྟོང་ཐུན་ཆེན་མོ་སེངྒེའི་ང་རོ། འཇུ་མི་ཕམ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། 289-316 * ཞུ་སྒྲིག་པའི་མཆན་317-352 * ལུང་འདྲེན་ཕྱག་དཔེའི་མཚན་གཞུང་ 353-357 * ཞུ་སྒྲིག་པའི་ཁུངས་བཅོལ་གྱི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཁག་359-362 +

Buddha Nature (Geshe Sonam Rinchen) +

* Translator's Preface vii * Publisher's Note ix * 1. Our Precious Disposition 1 * 2. Understanding our Disposition 7 * 3. The Clear Light Nature of Mind 19 * 4. The Reality of the Mind 29 * 5. Uncovering our Hidden Treasure 37 * 6. Overcoming Obstacles 47 * Notes 51 +

Buddha Nature (Sallie King) +

* Prefaceix * Abbreviationsxi * Chapter One: Introduction 1 ** A. The Role of the Buddha Nature Concept 1 ** B. Terms 3 ** C. History 5 ** D. The Text of the ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' 23 ** E. The ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' and Chinese Buddhist Thought 27 * Chapter Two: The Concept of Buddha Nature 29 ** A. Taking the Semantic Ascent 29 ** B. Refutation of Other Views 30 ** C. The Essence of Buddha Nature 40 *** 1. The Buddha Nature as Three Causes 40 *** 2. The Three Natures (''Trisvabhāva'') 42 *** 3. ''Tathāgatagarbha'' 48 * Chapter Three: Soteriology: Buddha Nature as the Practice of Buddhism 57 ** A. ''Āśrayaparāvṛtti'' 58 ** B. ''Dharmakāya'' and ''Nirvāṇa'' 65 ** C. ''Trikāya: Sambhogakāya'' and ''Nirmāṇakāya'' 72 ** D. The Relationship Between Person and Buddha 80 * Chapter Four: Dereification of Self and Mind 83 ** A. The "Own-Nature" of Buddha Nature 83 ** B. ''Ātmapāramitā'' 86 ** C. Self 92 ** D. Pure Mind 92 ** E. ''Dharmakāya'' and "Self" 94 ** F. Mind 95 * Chapter Five: Ontology: Monism vs. Nondualism 99 ** A. All Sentient Beings Possess the Buddha Nature 103 ** B. The ''Pāramitā'' 104 ** C. ''Śūnya-Aśūnya'' 107 ** D. Buddha Nature Exists Aboriginally 111 ** E. Unborn and Unchanging 112 * Chapter Six: Engaging in Spiritual Cultivation 117 * Chapter Seven: Buddha Nature and the Concept of Person 137 ** A. The Ontological-Metaphysical Dimension 139 ** B. The Existential Dimension 144 ** C. A Final Question 150 * Chapter Eight: Retrospective and Prospective 153 ** A. Retrospective: Summary of the Text 153 ** B. The ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' and Chinese Buddhist Thought 156 ** C. Buddha Nature Thought and Western Buddhism 169 * Notes 173 * Glossary 185 * Index 201

Buddha Nature (Shamar) +

* Preface by Jigme Rinpocheix * Preface by the translatorxi * Introduction by the translator1 * '''Buddha Nature:'''13 **Our Potential for Wisdom, **Compassion, and Happiness * Ignorance does not have a concrete beginning, but it does have an end15 * Scriptural sources19 * Mind, the foundation of everything21 * Begin with bodhicitta25 * Buddha wisdom, the true nature of mind29 ** The thirty-two qualities of the dharmakāya29 ** The ten powers (qualities 1-10)29 ** The four types of fearlessness (qualities 11-14)34 ** The eighteen qualities exclusive to buddhas37 *** Behavior and way of training sentient beings37 ***(qualities 15-20) *** The realization of buddhas (qualities 21-26)40 *** The activity of buddhas (qualities 27-29)42 *** The wisdom of buddhas (qualities 30-32)43 ** How can qualities be present but not manifest?43 ** The special qualities of the form kāyas46 ** Purification of obscurations50 ** The all-accomplishing wisdom52 ** The wisdom that knows the variety of appearances54 ** The wisdom of equality55 ** The difference between an arhat and a buddha55 ** The form kāyas do not resemble an ordinary body56 ** Ignorance and illusory appearances do not reoccur56 ** Buddha nature resembles gold ore57 ** Purification: its basis, object, method, and result58 *** The basis of purification58 *** The object of purification58 *** The method of purification59 *** The result of purification59 * Concluding advice61 * '''Revealing Buddha Nature'''63 *A treatise by the 3rd Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje * Endnotes79 * About the Author83 * About the Translator85

Buddha Nature Across Asia +

* Editor's Introduction9 *1. Varieties of Early Buddha Nature Teaching in India ** ''Christopher V. Jones''25 *2. The ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstropadeśa'' of Sajjana: A Reading Sanskrit Text and Annotated Translation ** ''Kazuo Kano''55 *3. From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment: "Contemplating Suchness" in Medieval Japan ** ''Jacqueline I. Stone''93 *4. How the Concepts of Buddha Nature and Original Enlightenment Were Interpreted by Shinran ** ''Seiji Kumagai''123 *5. The Basis for Buddhahood: The Naturally Luminous Mind and Buddha Nature in the Early Mahāmudrā Tradition ** ''Casey Kemp''139 *6. A Meditation-Oriented Approach to Buddha Nature as Seen by Early Kagyü Masters ** ''Martina Draszczyk''171 *7. Preliminary Notes on the Notion of Buddha Nature in the ''Single Intention'' ** ''Katrin Querl''193 *8. Jigten Sumgön's View of Buddha Nature and How Confusion Distinguishes a Sentient Being from a Buddha ** ''Khenpo Konchok Tamphel''219 *9. Images of Emptiness in a Prognostic Mirror: Tantric Zhentong Visions of Tathāgatagarbha in Early Jonang Kālacakra Yoga Manuals ** ''Michael R. Sheehy''229 *10. Shangton Sönam Drakpa's Defense of Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen's Ground Consciousness ** ''Klaus-Dieter Mathes''261 *11. Buddha Nature through the Eyes of Gorampa Sönam Sengé ** ''Khenpo Ngawang Jorden''291 *12. Buddha Nature and Selfhood: Critical Reflections by the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorjé ** ''David Higgins''317 *13. The Role of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in Tāranātha's ''Great Madhyamaka Vehicle'' ** ''Sina Joos''349 *14. Empty of True Existence, Yet Full of Qualities: Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso on Buddha Nature ** ''Filippo Brambilla''377 *15. Sentient Beings Within: Buddha Nature and the Great Perfection ** ''Douglas Duckworth''423 *16. The Impact of a Zhentong Interpretation of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine from the Point of View of a Western Buddhist Practitioner ** ''Shenpen Hookham''447 ** About the Authors469 ** Index475

Buddha Nature Reconsidered +

'''Volume One''' * Acknowledgements11 * Preface 13 ** Chapter 1: Introduction 27 ** Chapter 2: Doctrinal Background ** 1. Introductory remarks 57 ** 2. An outline of buddha nature [by Karma phrin las], translation 60 ** 3. Key points in Karma phrin las pa’s outline of buddha nature 72 ** 3.1. Tathāgatagarbha concepts in early Indian Buddhist sources 72 ** 3.2. Tathāgatagarbha concepts in Indo-Tibetan Mahāyāna sources73 ** 3.3. Rang byung rdo rje’s Karma bka’ brgyud position on buddha nature74 ** 4. Critical edition of Karma phrin las pa’s outline of buddha nature78 ** Chapter 3: The Eighth Karma pa’s Central Claims About Buddha Nature ** 1. Introductory remarks83 ** 2. Sixteen central claims regarding buddha nature85 ** 2.1. Buddha nature exists equally in everyone from ordinary beings to buddhas85 ** 2.2. Buddha nature discourses are of definitive meaning (nītārtha)95 ** 2.3. The “nature” (garbha) of a buddha is actual, not nominal 101 ** 2.4. The gotra is not metaphorical (upacāra), but attributions of cause and result are106 ** 2.5. Buddha nature is buddhahood obscured by defilements111 ** 2.6. The three phases of buddha nature indicate progressive degrees of disclosure116 ** 2.7. The classification of three vehicles has a hidden intent (ābhiprāyika); the one vehicle (ekayāna) doctrine is definitive (lākṣaṇika)120 ** 2.8. The unfolded gotra is the naturally present gotra awakened through virtue131 ** 2.9. Resultant buddha nature may be equated with dharmakāya136 ** 2.10. Buddha nature is not emptiness as a nonaffirming negation (med dgag)141 ** 2.11. Buddha nature is not a basis established (gzhi grub) by valid cognition151 ** 2.12. The identification of buddha nature and ālayavijñāna is provisional162 ** 2.13. Buddha nature is not a self (coarse or subtle) but is selflessness204 ** 2.14. Buddha nature is only fully revealed in Mantrayāna thought and praxis226 ** 2.15. Buddha nature is natural awareness (tha mal gyi shes pa)241 ** 2.16. Buddha nature consists in the unity of the two truths 257 ** 3. Conclusion276 '''Volume Two''' '''1.''' '''''The Lamp of Fine Discernment Regarding the Tradition of the Gzhan stong Madhyamaka Proponents''''' * 1.1. Introduction11 * 1.2. Annotated Translation: ''The Lamp of Fine Discernment Regarding the Tradition of the Gzhan stong Madhyamaka Proponents'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000005-QINU`"'''Lamp'')15 * 1.3. Critical Edition: ''Dbu ma gzhan stong smra ba 'i srol legs par phye ba 'i sgron me zhes bya ba bzhugs so'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000006-QINU`"' LG)50 '''2.''' '''''The Nerve Tonic for the Elderly''''' * 2.1. Introduction73 * 2.2. Annotated Translation: ''The Nerve Tonic for the Elderly'', also known as ''The Sublime Fragrance of Nectar'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000007-QINU`"' ''Tonic'')76 * 2.3. Critical Edition: ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'', also known as ''Dpyad pa bdud dri mchog '' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000008-QINU`"' GL)137 '''3.''' '''''Buddha Nature and Dharmakāya''''' * 3.1. Introduction171 * 3.2. Annotated Translation: ''Buddha Nature and Dharmakāya: A Reply to Queries''172 * 3.3. Critical Edition: ''Bde gshegs snying po dang chos sku'i dris lan''174 '''4.''' '''''Buddha Nature and Emptiness Imbued with Compassion''''' * 4.1. Introduction177 * 4.2. Annotated Translation of an Excerpt from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Single Intent Commentary'' (''Intent'') on 'Jig rten gsum mgon's ''Single Intent'' (''Dgongs gcig'') Vajra Precepts 1.27–28178 * 4.3. Critical Edition: ''Dgongs gcig kar ṭīg'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000009-QINU`"' GC) excerpt188 '''5.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Substratum''''' * 5.1. Introduction197 * 5.2. Annotated Translation of an Excerpt from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Single Intent Commentary'' on 'Jig rten gsum mgon's ''Single Intent'' Vajra Precept 8.36197 * 5.3. Critical Edition: ''Dgongs gcig kar ṭīg'' excerpt230 '''6.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Two Truths''''' * 6.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A-B] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000A-QINU`"' ''Embodiments'')255 * 6.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On the Unity of the Two Truths258 * 6.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000B-QINU`"' KN) excerpt268 * 6.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On Buddha Nature in the Context of the Two Truths277 * 6.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt287 '''7.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Causal Continuum''''' * 7.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A–D] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''295 * 7.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On the Connection Between the Three Continua297 * 7.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt305 * 7.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On the Refutation of Other Views of the Causal Continuum312 * 7.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt328 * 7.6. Annotated Translation [C]: On the Presentation of Our Own System339 * 7.7. Critical Edition [C]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt345 * 7.8. Annotated Translation [D]: On the Purity of the Causal Continuum347 * 7.9. Critical Edition [D]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt351 '''8.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Path Continuum''''' * 8.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A–B] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''355 * 8.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On Buddha Nature's Inherent Qualities357 * 8.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt366 * 8.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On the Summary of the Creation and the Completion Stages371 * 8.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt377 '''9.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Resultant Continuum''''' * 9.1. Introduction381 * 9.2. Annotated Translation: Excerpt on Buddha Nature, the Tantric Resultant Continuum from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''382 * 9.3. Critical Edition: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt390 '''Bibliography''' * Abbreviations of Collections, Editions, and Institutes397 * Primary Sources: Indian Works397 * Primary Sources: Tibetan Works404 * Secondary Sources416 * Index433

Buddha Nature Sutras +

'''Table of Contents for the Nirvana Sutra''' * Chapter One: IntroductoryV1 * Chapter Two: On CundaV58 * Chapter Three: On GriefV93 * Chapter Four: On Long LifeV136 * Chapter Five: On the Adamantine BodyV179 * Chapter Six: On the Virtue of the NameV199 * Chapter Seven: On the Four AspectsV204 * Chapter Eight: On the Four DependablesV321 * Chapter Nine: On Wrong and RightV373 * Chapter Ten: On the Four TruthsV408 * Chapter Eleven: On the Four lnversionsV413 * Chapter Twelve: On the Nature of the TathāgataV417 * Chapter Thirteen: On LettersV465 * Chapter Fourteen: On the Parable of the BirdsV479 * Chapter Fifteen: On the Parable of the MoonV494 * Chapter Sixteen: On the BodhisattvaV505 * Chapter Seventeen: On the Questions Raised by the CrowdV559 '''Table of Contents for the Srimaladevi Sutra''' * Chapter 1: Praises of the unlimited merit of the World Honored OneV1 * Chapter 2: The ten inconceivable Bodhisattva vowsV8 * Chapter 3: The great aspiration that contains all aspirationsV21 * Chapter 4: The inconceivable acceptance of the Correct DharmaV23 * Chapter 5: The way to enter the EkayanaV52 * Chapter 6: The limitless Noble truthsV88 * Chapter 7: The TathagatagarbhaV91 * Chapter 8: The DharmakayaV96 * Chapter 9: The true understanding of the meaning of emptinessV97 * Chapter 10: The One TruthV99 * Chapter 11: The One Refuge is eternal and unchangingV100 * Chapter 12: The wrong viewsV100 * Chapter 13: The inherently pure mind that is obscured by defilementsV105 * Chapter 14: The True Sons and Daughters of the World Honored OneV111 * Chapter 15: Queen Srimala and her Lion's roarV113 '''Table of Contents for the Infinite Life Sutra''' * The Assembly of Shravakas and BodhisattvasV1 * The deeds and virtues of the BodhisattvasV4 * The Buddha's glorious ImageV20 * The prior fifty three BuddhasV27 * Dharmakara's hymns, praises, and vowsV28 * Dharmakara aspires to establish a Buddha landV40 * Dharmakara's forty eight vowsV49 * Dharmakara confirms his vows and resolutionV98 * Dharmakara's Bodhisattva practices and meritsV105 * Dharmakara becomes Amitabha BuddhaV112 * Description of Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land V114 * Amitabha's beautiful lightV118

Buddha Nature and Animality +

* Acknowledgementsv * Contributorsix *Introduction: ''Toward an Ecology of Compassion—Homo Specialis, Animality, and Buddha-Nature'' ** David Jones1 *''Buddha Animals'' ** Jason M. Wirth13 *''Jataka, Pancatantra, and the Rhetoric of Animalia in South Asia'' ** Thomas A. Forsthoefel23 *''Buddha-nature and Bodhicitta: Animals and Humans in Dramatic Ensembles Intent upon Enlightenment'' ** Peter D. Hershock41 *''Animal Forms and Formlessness: The Protean Quality of Buddha Nature in Chinese Martial Arts'' ** Harriette Grissom59 *''Does a Dog See Into its Buddha-Nature? Re-posing the Question of Animality/Humanity in Zen Buddhism'' ** Bret W. Davis83 *''Asking the Question: Do Animals Have Buddha-Nature'' ** Thomas Pynn127 *''Zen Eye Hunter, Zen Eye Hunted: Revealing the Animal Face of Buddha-Nature'' ** Brian Schroeder149 *''One Cell, Symbiosis, and the Buddha's Broken Karmic Wheel: A Legacy of an Ancient Bacterium'' ** Keiko Takioto Miller165 *''Animality and Desire in the Buddhist Monastic Code'' ** Jennifer L. Manlowe185 *''Animal Buddhas'' ** David Jones195 * Index205 +

Buddha Nature and Preliminary Prayers and Their Explanations +

*'''Chapter 1:''' * Buddha Nature1 *'''Chapter 2:''' *Preliminary Prayers & Their Explanations: * (1) Refuge Prayer27 * (2) Prayer to Develop Bodhicitta27 * (3) The Four Immeasurables Prayer56 * (4) The Seven-Limbs Prayer65 +

Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor of Minoru Kiyota +

* Preface: The Making of a Modern Buddhologistv * Introduction1 * José Ignacio Cabezón ** "The Canonization of Philosophy and the Rhetoric of Siddhānta in Tibetan Buddhism"7 * Roger Gregory-Tashi Corless ** "Lying to Tell the Truth—Upāya in Mahāyāna Buddhism and Oikonomia in Alexandrian Christianity"27 * Paul J. Griffiths ** "Painting Space with Colors: Tathagātagarbha in the ''Mahāyānasūttrālaṅkāra''-Corpus IX.22-37"41 * William G. Grosnick ** "Buddha Nature as Myth"65 * Jamie Hubbard ** "Perfect Buddhahood, Absolute Delusion—The Universal Buddha of the San-chieh-chiao"75 * Roger R. Jackson ** "Luminous Mind. Among the Logicians—An Analysis of Pramāṇavārttika II.205-211"95 * John P. Keenan ** "The Doctrine of Buddha Nature In Chinese Buddhism—Hui-K'ai on Paramārtha"125 *Sallie B. King ** "Buddha Nature Thought and Mysticism"139 *Heng-ching Shih ** "T'ien-T'ai Chih-I's Theory of Buddha Nature—A Realistic and Humanistic Understanding of the Buddha"153 *Paul L Swanson ** "T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's Concept of Threefold Buddha Nature—A Synergy of Reality, Wisdom, and Practice"171 * Contributors183 * Index185 +

Buddha Nature: Ten Teachings on the Uttaratantra Shastra +

* Foreword7 * Introduction9 * The Buddha21 * The Dharma37 * The Sangha47 * Buddha Nature47 * Enlightenment91 * Qualities105 * Buddha Activity121 * Conclusion133 * Glossary137 +

Buddha Nature: The Mahayana Uttaratantra Shastra +

* Foreword by Tenzin Dorjee 8 * Preface by Rosemarie Fuchs 10 * Introduction by Acharya Lodrö Namgyal 12 * '''Part One: Root Text''' 17 * 1. Tathagatagarbha 19 ** Introduction 19 ** The First Three Vajra Points: The Three Jewels 20 *** Buddha 20 *** Dharma 20 *** Sangha 21 ** The Three Refuges 22 ** The Last Four Vajra Points 22 ** The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 23 * 2. The Fifth Vajra Point: Enlightenment 43 * 3. The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 53 * 4. The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 59 * 5. Benefit 73 * '''Part Two: Commentary, The Unassailable Lion’s Roar''' 79 * Table of Contents 81 * 1. Tathagatagarbha 97 ** Introduction 97 ** The First Three Vajra Points: The Three Jewels 101 *** The First Vajra Point: Buddha 101 *** The Second Vajra Point: Dharma 105 *** The Third Vajra Point: Sangha 108 ** The Three Refuges 112 ** The Last Four Vajra Points 114 ** The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 117 * 2. The Fifth Vajra Point: Enlightenment 182 * 3. The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 218 * 4. The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 238 * 5. Benefit 283 * '''Part Three: Explanations by Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche''' 299 * '''Part Four: Translator’s Notes''' 391

Buddha-Nature and Emptiness +

* PREFACE * Introduction i * PART I: Historical and Doctrinal Background 5 ** Chapter 1: The Authorship of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and Its Transmission in India from the 5th to the 10th Century 17 ** Chapter 2: The Resurrection of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in India in the Early 11th Century: Maitripa and Jñānasrimitra 43 ** Chapter 3: Ratnakarasanti’s Understanding of Buddha-nature 71 ** Chapter 4: The Transmission of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in East India from the 11th to the 13th Century: From Prajñākaramati to Vibhūticandra 97 ** Chapter 5: The Kashmiri Tradition of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' Exegesis in the 11th and 12th Centuries: Sajjana and his Circle 135 ** Chapter 6: Six Tibetan Translations of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' 155 ** Conclusion 181 * PART II: rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab and His Doctrinal Position 189 ** Chapter 7: The Life and Works of rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab 191 ** Chapter 8: rNgog’s Doctrinal Positions in Relation to Sajjana’s and His Commentarial Style 211 ** Chapter 9: rNgog’s ''rGyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa'' as a Reflection of His Own Doctrinal Position 241 ** Conclusion 277 * PART III: rNgog’s Impact on Later Developments 283 ** Chapter 10: rNgog’s Impact on Doctrinal Developments from the 11th to the Early 14th Century 285 ** Chapter 11: rNgog’s Impact on Doctrinal Developments from the Late 14th to the 16th Century 345 ** Conclusion 379 * FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 383 ** Resituating rNgog’s Position in a Wider Context 385 * APPENDICES 393 ** Appendix A: A Topical Outline of the ''rGyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa'' 395 ** Appendix B: A List of Commentaries of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' 405 * ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 415 * INDICES 461

Buddha-Nature and a Dialectic of Presence and Absence in the Works of Mi-pham +

* Abstracti * Acknowledgementsiii * Introduction1 ** Historical Context1 ** Monastic Colleges and Buddhist Education9 ** Epistemology and Negative Dialectics13 ** Buddha-Nature15 ** Summary of Contents18 ** Interpretive Context24 * Chapter 1: Buddha-Nature and the Unity of the Two Truths27 ** Introduction27 ** Mi-pham's Synthesis31 ** Two Truths35 ** Buddha-Nature as the Unity of Appearance and Emptiness45 ** Buddha-Nature as the Definitive Meaning56 ** Conclusion63 * Chapter 2: Yogācāra, Prāsaṅgika, and the Middle Way64 ** Introduction64 ** Middle Way and Mind-Only64 ** Foundations of Yogācāra67 ** Svātantrika-Prāsaṅgika73 ** Dialectical Ascent90 ** Conclusion99 * Chapter 3: The Present Absence101 ** Introduction101 ** Other-Emptiness in the Jo-nang102 ** Other-Emptiness and the Nying-ma: Lo-chen Dharma Śrī115 ** Another Emptiness? Emptiness of Self/Other122 ** Delineating Phenomena and Suchness125 ** Delineating Emptiness135 ** Emptiness as the Unity of Appearance and Emptiness141 ** Conclusion149 * Chapter 4: Buddha—Nature and the Indivisible Ground and Fruition151 ** Introduction151 ** Delineating the Views on Buddha-Nature151 ** Buddha-Nature as Heritage, Buddha-Nature as the Ground160 ** Delineating Appearance and Reality170 ** Establishing Buddha-Nature: The Immanent Buddha180 ** Establishing Appearances as Divine189 ** Buddha-Nature and a Difference Between Sūtra and Mantra200 ** Buddha-Nature as the Ground of the Great Perfection212 ** Conclusion214 * Concluding Remarks216 * Document 1221 ** Introduction221 * ''Lion's Roar: Exposition of Buddha-Nature''221 ** 1. Stating Other Traditions224 ** 2. Presenting Our Own Authentic Tradition228 *** 1. The Meaning of the First Verse “Because the body of the perfect Buddha is radiant”228 *** 2. The Meaning of the Second Verse “Because suchness is indivisible”235 *** 3. The Meaning of the Third Verse “Because of possessing heritage”239 ** 1. Refuting the View that (the Basic Element) is Truly Established and Not Empty245 ** 2. Refuting the View that (the Basic Element) is a Void Emptiness247 ** 3. Refuting the Apprehension of (the Basic Element) as Impermanent and Conditioned248 * Document 2261 ** Introduction261 * ''Notes on the Essential Points of (Mi-pham's) Exposition (of Buddha-Nature)''261 * Document 3272 ** Introduction272 * Excerpt from ''Roar of the Fearless Lion'' (48.2-97.4)272 ** 1. The Subject of the Extensive Discussion Here, an Explanation of the Progression of Profound Points of the Ground, Path, and Fruition of the Sūtra Perfection Vehicle273 ** 1. The Manner of the Teaching of the Profound Abiding Reality of the Definitive Meaning of the Perfection Vehicle274 ** 1. The Progression of the Wheels of Doctrine which are the Means of Teaching the Definitive Meaning of the Abiding Reality274 *** 1. The Wheels of Doctrine Indicated in the ''Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra''274 **** 1. Presenting Scripture274 **** 2. Establishing the Reason for That Being the Way It Is279 *** 2. The Wheels of Doctrine Indicated in the ''Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchā''289 **** 1. Presenting Scripture289 **** 2. Establishing (the Reason for That Being) the Way It Is293 *** 3. In Accord with That, the Way They are Indicated in the ''Nirvāṇa'' (''sūtra'') and so forth296 **** 1. Presenting Scripture296 ***** 1. Presenting Scripture from the ''Nirvāṇasūtra''296 ***** 2. Presenting Scripture from the ''Aṅgulimālīyasūtra''298 **** 2. Establishing through Reasoning That Being the Way It Is300 **** 3. An Appended Identification of the Scriptural Collections of Definitive Meaning306 ** 2. The Way that These Commentaries on Buddha’s Viewpoint are Supreme307 * Bibliography313 ** Tibetan Sources313 ** Non-Tibetan Sources318