Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra

Latest revision as of 11:27, 18 December 2020

अभिधर्ममहायानसूत्र

ཆོས་མངོན་པའི་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།

chos mngon pa'i theg pa chen po'i mdo

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This text is a lost Yogācāra sūtra. It is preserved only in a few quotes in other Yogācāra texts.

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Description from When the Clouds Part

This text is a lost Yogācāra sūtra, which is preserved only in a few quotes in other Yogācāra texts.^[1] At least in those quotes, there is nothing specific about buddha nature. However, RGVV explicitly links the most famous verse from this sūtra to a quote from the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra and the notion of tathāgatagarbha:^[2]

The dhātu of beginningless time
Is the foundation of all phenomena.
Since it exists, all forms of existence^[3]
And also nirvāṇa are obtained.

RGVV also comments on the four lines of this verse through four quotes from the Śrīmālādevīsūtra that likewise expand on tathāgatagarbha. In the context of denying that there are any sentient beings who lack the buddha disposition, RGVV quotes another verse as support for all beings’ being suitable to eventually become buddhas:^[4]

Though beginningless, [saṃsāra] entails an end.
What is naturally pure and consists of permanent dharmas
Is not seen since it is externally obscured by a beginningless cocoon,
Just as a golden image that is concealed.

According to Jamgön Kongtrul, this verse is also from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra.^[5] In any case, it greatly resembles the ninth example for buddha nature’s being obscured by adventitious stains in the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra and the Uttaratantra. Brunnhölzl, K.. When the Clouds Part, pp. 45-46.

There are six quotes or references in the Mahāyānasaṃgraha (which, according to its colophon in the three Chinese translations, is a chapter of the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra), two in Sthiramati’s Madhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā, one in the same author’s Triṃśikābhāṣya, one in his Pañcaskandhaprakaraṇavaibhāṣya, one in Guṇaprabha’s Pañcaskandhavivaraṇa, one in Asaṅga’s Abhidharmasamuccaya, one (or possibly two) in RGVV, three in the *Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi (Ch’eng wei-shih loon; Taishō 1585), and one in K’uei-ki’s Wei-shih erh-shih lun shu-chi (Taishō 1834). Except for the quote in the Abhidharmasamuccaya, all those in the other texts are among the six in the Mahāyānasaṃgraha (see Lamotte 1973). For translations, references, and a discussion of all these fragments from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra, see my forthcoming translation of the Mahāyānasaṃgraha and its Indian commentaries. See also R. Yūki, Shinshikiron yori mitaru yuishiki sishōshi (Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 1935), 234–35 and 240–50 and Keenan 1980, 142–47.
J72–73.
Skt. gati, Tib. ’gro ba.
J37.
The Third Karmapa’s Pointing Out the Tathāgata Heart opens with this verse, followed by the well-known verse from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra that is cited in RGVV (J72) and that is also frequently found in other Indian and Tibetan texts. According to Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé’s commentary on the Karmapa’s text (Kong sprul blo gros mtha’ yas 1990, 133), both verses are from that same sūtra. CMW (423) mistakenly attributes this verse to the Laṅkāvatārasūtra, in which it is not found.

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Other Titles	~ abhidharma-mahāyāna-sūtra ~ Mahāyānābhidharmasūtra

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Article

Original Purity and the Focus of Early Yogācāra

In understanding the ongoing process of the development of any doctrinal system, isolated insights into particular texts or particular doctrinal themes are not sufficient. No number of monographs on ālayavijñāna or trisvabhāva suffices, for, although such studies do clarify particular themes, no understanding is gained of the overall purpose for which these themes were developed. What is desired is an overall insight into what the system is trying to achieve. In the case of the Yogācāra system, the question of its basic intent and overall purpose is not easily determined. There are, it would appear, two reasons for this situation. The first is that the complex of questions regarding the dating, authorship, and compilation of the various textual data have not yet received definite answers in many instances, and yet each of these questions bears directly upon the understanding of the lines of doctrinal development. A second reason is that the doctrinal focuses of some of the basic Yogācāra texts appear to differ.
The intent of this paper is to treat this latter concern. It will attempt to describe the basic doctrinal focus of four early Yogācāra texts, suggest the intent of their authors, and draw a hypothesis concerning the lines of development of early Yogācāra as seen in these texts. The texts selected are the Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra, the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra, the Mahāyānābhidharmasūtra, and the Madyāntavibhāgaśāstra. All four texts were composed before the time of the classical formulation of Yogācāra by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu. Although it is not possible to determine with any degree of certitude the temporal relationship among these texts, insight into their doctrinal emphases would help to identify the overall problematic that led the early, pre-Asaṅgan Yogācārins to develop their thinking. (Source Accessed Jan 28, 2020)

Keenan, John P. "Original Purity and the Focus of Early Yogācāra." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 5, no. 1 (1982): 7–18. https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/view/8560/2467.

Keenan, John P. "Original Purity and the Focus of Early Yogācāra." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 5, no. 1 (1982): 7–18. https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/view/8560/2467.;Original Purity and the Focus of Early Yogācāra;ālayavijñāna;Yogācāra;Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra;Mahāyānābhidharmasūtra;John P. Keenan;&nbsp

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[1] There are six quotes or references in the Mahāyānasaṃgraha (which, according to its colophon in the three Chinese translations, is a chapter of the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra), two in Sthiramati’s Madhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā, one in the same author’s Triṃśikābhāṣya, one in his Pañcaskandhaprakaraṇavaibhāṣya, one in Guṇaprabha’s Pañcaskandhavivaraṇa, one in Asaṅga’s Abhidharmasamuccaya, one (or possibly two) in RGVV, three in the *Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi (Ch’eng wei-shih loon; Taishō 1585), and one in K’uei-ki’s Wei-shih erh-shih lun shu-chi (Taishō 1834). Except for the quote in the Abhidharmasamuccaya, all those in the other texts are among the six in the Mahāyānasaṃgraha (see Lamotte 1973). For translations, references, and a discussion of all these fragments from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra, see my forthcoming translation of the Mahāyānasaṃgraha and its Indian commentaries. See also R. Yūki, Shinshikiron yori mitaru yuishiki sishōshi (Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 1935), 234–35 and 240–50 and Keenan 1980, 142–47.

[2] J72–73.

[3] Skt. gati, Tib. ’gro ba.

[4] J37.

[5] The Third Karmapa’s Pointing Out the Tathāgata Heart opens with this verse, followed by the well-known verse from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra that is cited in RGVV (J72) and that is also frequently found in other Indian and Tibetan texts. According to Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé’s commentary on the Karmapa’s text (Kong sprul blo gros mtha’ yas 1990, 133), both verses are from that same sūtra. CMW (423) mistakenly attributes this verse to the Laṅkāvatārasūtra, in which it is not found.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |PopupSummary=A lost Yogācāra sūtra, which is preserved only in a few quotes in other Yogācāra texts.
 |BuNayKarlDescription=This text is a lost Yogācāra sūtra, which is preserved only in a few quotes in other Yogācāra texts.<ref>There are six quotes or references in the ''Mahāyānasaṃgraha'' (which, according to its colophon in the three Chinese translations, is a chapter of the ''Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra''), two in Sthiramati’s ''Madhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā'', one in the same author’s ''Triṃśikābhāṣya'', one in his ''Pañcaskandhaprakaraṇavaibhāṣya'', one in Guṇaprabha’s ''Pañcaskandhavivaraṇa'', one in Asaṅga’s ''Abhidharmasamuccaya'', one (or possibly two) in RGVV, three in the *''Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi'' (''Ch’eng wei-shih loon''; Taishō 1585), and one in K’uei-ki’s ''Wei-shih erh-shih lun shu-chi'' (Taishō 1834). Except for the quote in the ''Abhidharmasamuccaya'', all those in the other texts are among the six in the ''Mahāyānasaṃgraha'' (see Lamotte 1973). For translations, references, and a discussion of all these fragments from the ''Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra'', see my forthcoming translation of the ''Mahāyānasaṃgraha'' and its Indian commentaries. See also R. Yūki, ''Shinshikiron yori mitaru yuishiki sishōshi'' (Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 1935), 234–35 and 240–50 and Keenan 1980, 142–47.</ref> At least in those quotes, there is nothing specific about buddha nature. However, RGVV explicitly links the most famous verse from this sūtra to a quote from the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' and the notion of ''tathāgatagarbha'':<ref>J72–73. </ref>
+{{QuoteIndent|The dhātu of beginningless time
+Is the foundation of all phenomena.
+Since it exists, all forms of existence<ref>Skt. gati, Tib. ’gro ba. </ref>
+And also nirvāṇa are obtained.}}
-::The dhātu of beginningless time
+{{6nbsp}}RGVV also comments on the four lines of this verse through four quotes from the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'' that likewise expand on ''tathāgatagarbha''. In the context of denying that there are any sentient beings who lack the buddha disposition, RGVV quotes another verse as support for all beings’ being suitable to eventually become buddhas:<ref>J37.</ref>
-::Is the foundation of all phenomena.
+{{QuoteIndent|Though beginningless, [saṃsāra] entails an end.
-::Since it exists, all forms of existence<ref>Skt. gati, Tib. ’gro ba. </ref>
+What is naturally pure and consists of permanent dharmas
-::And also nirvāṇa are obtained.
+Is not seen since it is externally obscured by a beginningless cocoon,
+Just as a golden image that is concealed.}}
-RGVV also comments on the four lines of this verse through four quotes from the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'' that likewise expand on ''tathāgatagarbha''. In the context of denying that there are any sentient beings who lack the buddha disposition, RGVV quotes another verse as support for all beings’ being suitable to eventually become buddhas:<ref>J37.</ref>
+{{6nbsp}}According to Jamgön Kongtrul, this verse is also from the ''Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra''.<ref>The Third Karmapa’s ''Pointing Out the Tathāgata Heart'' opens with this verse, followed by the well-known verse from the ''Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra'' that is cited in RGVV (J72) and that is also frequently found in other Indian and Tibetan texts. According to Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé’s commentary on the Karmapa’s text (Kong sprul blo gros mtha’ yas 1990, 133), both verses are from that same sūtra. CMW (423) mistakenly attributes this verse to the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', in which it is not found.</ref> In any case, it greatly resembles the ninth example for buddha nature’s being obscured by adventitious stains in the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' and the ''Uttaratantra''.
-::Though beginningless, [saṃsāra] entails an end.
-::What is naturally pure and consists of permanent dharmas
-::Is not seen since it is externally obscured by a beginningless cocoon,
-::Just as a golden image that is concealed.
-According to Jamgön Kongtrul, this verse is also from the Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra.<ref>The Third Karmapa’s ''Pointing Out the Tathāgata Heart'' opens with this verse, followed by the well-known verse from the ''Abhidharmamahāyānasūtra'' that is cited in RGVV (J72) and that is also frequently found in other Indian and Tibetan texts. According to Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé’s commentary on the Karmapa’s text (Kong sprul blo gros mtha’ yas 1990, 133), both verses are from that same sūtra. CMW (423) mistakenly attributes this verse to the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', in which it is not found.</ref> In any case, it greatly resembles the ninth example for buddha nature’s being obscured by adventitious stains in the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' and the ''Uttaratantra''.
 [[Brunnhölzl, K.]]. [[When the Clouds Part]], pp. 45-46.