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}}{{VerseVariation | }}{{VerseVariation | ||
|VariationLanguage=Tibetan | |VariationLanguage=Tibetan | ||
|VariationOriginal= | |VariationOriginal=བཅོས་མ་གློ་བུར་བ་ཉིད་ཕྱིར། །<br>སེམས་ཅན་སྐྱོན་དེ་ཡང་དག་མིན། །<br>ཡང་དག་ཉེས་དེ་བདག་མེད་པ། །<br>ཡོན་ཏན་རང་བཞིན་དག་པ་ཡིན། ། | ||
|VariationOriginalSource=[https://adarsha.dharma-treasure.org/kdbs/degetengyur/pbs/2381005 Dege, PHI, 123] | |VariationOriginalSource=[https://adarsha.dharma-treasure.org/kdbs/degetengyur/pbs/2381005 Dege, PHI, 123] | ||
|VariationTrans=The flaws of sentient beings are unreal<br>Because they are fabricated and adventitious.<br>What is real are the qualities, whose nature is pure<br>[Due to] the identitylessness of these flaws. | |VariationTrans=The flaws of sentient beings are unreal<br>Because they are fabricated and adventitious.<br>What is real are the qualities, whose nature is pure<br>[Due to] the identitylessness of these flaws. | ||
|VariationTransSource=[[When the Clouds Part]], [[Brunnhölzl, K.|Brunnhölzl]], 414 <ref>[[Brunnhölzl, Karl]]. [[When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra]]. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014.</ref> | |VariationTransSource=[[When the Clouds Part]], [[Brunnhölzl, K.|Brunnhölzl]], 414 <ref>[[Brunnhölzl, Karl]]. [[When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra]]. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014.</ref> | ||
}}{{VerseVariation | |||
|VariationLanguage=Chinese | |||
|VariationOriginal=妄取眾生過 不知客染心 <br>實無彼諸過 自性淨功德 | |||
|VariationOriginalSource=http://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/en/T31n1611_p0840c19 | |||
}} | }} | ||
|EnglishCommentary=The meaning of these two verses is to be understood in brief by the [following] ten verses. {J78} | |||
::'''It has been stated that the conditioned phenomena''' | |||
::'''In the myriads of beings<ref>I follow Schmithausen in taking ''bhūtakoṭiṣu'' to mean "in myriads of beings" (though ''bhūta'' for "sentient beings" is not so common in mahāyāna texts) rather than DP’s rendering ''yang dag mtha’ ni'', which ignores the plural and locative ending of the Sanskrit (thus reading "the true end is devoid of conditioned phenomena in all aspects"). Interestingly, the translations by Takasaki, de Jong, and Ui (as referenced in de Jong 1968, 48) all agree with DP’s reading of ''bhūtakoṭi'' in the singular. Since I.158 is an explanation of I.156ab, with "void" corresponding to "empty," "conditioned phenomena"to "all (knowable objects)," and "in all aspects"to "in every respect," ''bhūtakoṭiṣu'' most likely corresponds to "here and there." However, this is where the problem lies, since Schmithausen takes "here and there"to be related to "in each sentient being"in I.156d. Though not impossible, this is not only somewhat strange in this context but, more importantly, contradicted by VT’s above gloss and virtually all Tibetan commentaries, which take "here and there"to mean "in the (prajñāpāramitā) sūtras." If one still accepts that ''bhūtakoṭiṣu'' takes up "here and there" (which is likely, given the other correspondences between I.156ab and I.158), C’s rendering "in [myriads of] sūtras" (''sūtra [koṭi] ṣu'', with "sūtra"in transcription!) instead of ''bhūtakoṭiṣu'' seems to make much more sense. Also, if ''bhūtakoṭiṣu'' referred back to "in each sentient being,"it would pick up a phrase in I.156d, whereas all other correspondences with I.158 are only to I.156ab. Thus, I would prefer to read I.158ab as "It has been stated in myriads of sūtras that conditioned phenomena are void in all aspects." However, since the Sanskrit and DP as well as all Tibetan commentaries agree on ''bhūta''°, while C is the only exception, I reluctantly follow the former in reading ''bhūta''°.</ref> are void in all aspects,''' | |||
::'''With the entities of afflictions, karma''', | |||
::'''And [their] maturations resembling clouds and so on.''' I.158 | |||
::'''The afflictions resemble clouds, the performance''' | |||
::'''Of actions is like the experiences in a dream,''' | |||
::'''And the skandhas—the maturations of afflictions and karma—''' | |||
::'''Are like the magical manifestations in an illusion.''' I.159 | |||
::'''It was presented in this way before''' | |||
::'''But later in this ultimate continuum'''<ref>Skt. ''tantre punar ihottare''. As mentioned before, this phrase uses the title of the present text (''Uttaratantra'') in the sense of the teachings on buddha nature being the latest and also highest teachings of the Buddha. VT (fol. 14r1–2) glosses this phrase as "latest text" or "latest section" (''uttaragrantha'').</ref> here''' | |||
::'''It is explained that the basic element exists''' | |||
::'''In order to relinquish the five flaws.''' I.160 | |||
::'''Thus, not having heard about this,''' | |||
::'''In some who are fainthearted,''' | |||
::'''Due to the flaw of self-contempt,''' | |||
::'''The mind-set for awakening does not arise.''' I.161 | |||
::'''Even if [some] have given rise to bodhicitta''', | |||
::'''They may become proud, [thinking,] "I am superior"''' | |||
::'''And entertain the notion of inferiority''' | |||
::'''About those in whom bodhicitta has not arisen.''' I.162 | |||
::'''In those who think like that,''' | |||
::'''Perfect wisdom does not arise.''' | |||
::'''Therefore, they cling to what is unreal''' | |||
::'''And do not realize true reality'''.<ref>VT (fol. 14r2) glosses "what is unreal" (''abhūtaṃ'') as "all flaws" and "what is real" (''bhūtaṃ'') as "all qualities."</ref> I.163 | |||
::'''The flaws of sentient beings are unreal''' | |||
::'''Because they are fabricated and adventitious.''' | |||
::'''What is real are the qualities, whose nature is pure''' | |||
::'''[Due to] the identitylessness of these flaws.'''<ref>With Schmithausen, I follow MA ''taddoṣanairātmyaśuddhiprakṛtayo'' against J and VT (fol. 14r2) ''taddoṣanairātmyaṃ śuddhiprakṛtayo''.</ref> I.164 | |||
::'''Those whose minds cling to unreal flaws''' | |||
::'''And deprecate the real qualities''' | |||
::'''Do not attain the love of seeing''' | |||
::'''Themselves and sentient beings as equal'''. I.165 | |||
::'''However, due to having heard this, there arise in them | |||
::'''Great ardor, respect [for all] as for the teacher, | |||
::'''Prajñā, wisdom, and great love. | |||
::'''Then, through the arising of these five qualities, I.166 | |||
::'''They lack [self-]contempt, regard [all] as equal,''' | |||
::'''Are free from flaws, possess the qualities,''' | |||
::'''And cherish themselves and sentient beings equally,''' | |||
::'''Thus attaining buddhahood swiftly. I.167''' | |||
|OtherTranslations=<h6>Obermiller (1931) <ref>Obermiller, E. "The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation Being a Manual of Buddhist Monism." Acta Orientalia IX (1931), pp. 81-306.</ref></h6> | |OtherTranslations=<h6>Obermiller (1931) <ref>Obermiller, E. "The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation Being a Manual of Buddhist Monism." Acta Orientalia IX (1931), pp. 81-306.</ref></h6> | ||
:(Indeed), the defects of the real beings are unreal, | |||
:Since they are not-genuine and accidental. | |||
:As the defects a re thus imputed, | |||
:Only the virtuous properties are pure by nature. | |||
<h6>Takasaki (1966) <ref>Takasaki, Jikido. [[A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism]]. Serie Orientale Roma 33. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (ISMEO), 1966.</ref></h6> | <h6>Takasaki (1966) <ref>Takasaki, Jikido. [[A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism]]. Serie Orientale Roma 33. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (ISMEO), 1966.</ref></h6> | ||
Latest revision as of 11:30, 18 August 2020
Ratnagotravibhāga Root Verse I.164
Verse I.164 Variations
अभूतं सत्त्वदोषास्ते कृत्रिमागन्तुकत्वतः
भूतं तद्दोषनैरात्म्यं शुद्धिप्रकृतयो गुणाः
भूतं तद्दोषनैरात्म्यं शुद्धिप्रकृतयो गुणाः
abhūtaṃ sattvadoṣāste kṛtrimāgantukatvataḥ
bhūtaṃ taddoṣanairātmyaṃ śuddhiprakṛtayo guṇāḥ
bhūtaṃ taddoṣanairātmyaṃ śuddhiprakṛtayo guṇāḥ
E. H. Johnston as input by the University of the West.[1]
བཅོས་མ་གློ་བུར་བ་ཉིད་ཕྱིར། །
སེམས་ཅན་སྐྱོན་དེ་ཡང་དག་མིན། །
ཡང་དག་ཉེས་དེ་བདག་མེད་པ། །
ཡོན་ཏན་རང་བཞིན་དག་པ་ཡིན། །
སེམས་ཅན་སྐྱོན་དེ་ཡང་དག་མིན། །
ཡང་དག་ཉེས་དེ་བདག་མེད་པ། །
ཡོན་ཏན་རང་བཞིན་དག་པ་ཡིན། །
The flaws of sentient beings are unreal
Because they are fabricated and adventitious.
What is real are the qualities, whose nature is pure
[Due to] the identitylessness of these flaws.
Because they are fabricated and adventitious.
What is real are the qualities, whose nature is pure
[Due to] the identitylessness of these flaws.
妄取眾生過 不知客染心
實無彼諸過 自性淨功德
實無彼諸過 自性淨功德
Artificiels et passagers, les défauts
Des êtres ne sont pas réels. En vérité, les fautes n’ont pas de soi Et les qualités sont pures par nature.
Charrier, Christian and Patrick Carré. Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.
RGVV Commentary on Verse I.164
Tibetan
English
Sanskrit
Chinese
Full Tibetan Commentary
Full English Commentary
Full Sanskrit Commentary
Full Chinese Commentary
Other English translations
Obermiller (1931) [7]
- (Indeed), the defects of the real beings are unreal,
- Since they are not-genuine and accidental.
- As the defects a re thus imputed,
- Only the virtuous properties are pure by nature.
Takasaki (1966) [8]
- [Indeed], the defects of living beings are unreal
- Because they are non-genuine and accidental
- But the non-substantiality of such defects is real,
- That is, the virtues [of living beings], pure by nature.
Fuchs (2000) [9]
- Being artificially produced and adventitious,
- these faults of beings are not truly [existent].
- In truth these evils do not exist as self,
- but exist as the qualities by nature pure.
Textual sources
Commentaries on this verse
Academic notes
- Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Unicode Input
- Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014.
- I follow Schmithausen in taking bhūtakoṭiṣu to mean "in myriads of beings" (though bhūta for "sentient beings" is not so common in mahāyāna texts) rather than DP’s rendering yang dag mtha’ ni, which ignores the plural and locative ending of the Sanskrit (thus reading "the true end is devoid of conditioned phenomena in all aspects"). Interestingly, the translations by Takasaki, de Jong, and Ui (as referenced in de Jong 1968, 48) all agree with DP’s reading of bhūtakoṭi in the singular. Since I.158 is an explanation of I.156ab, with "void" corresponding to "empty," "conditioned phenomena"to "all (knowable objects)," and "in all aspects"to "in every respect," bhūtakoṭiṣu most likely corresponds to "here and there." However, this is where the problem lies, since Schmithausen takes "here and there"to be related to "in each sentient being"in I.156d. Though not impossible, this is not only somewhat strange in this context but, more importantly, contradicted by VT’s above gloss and virtually all Tibetan commentaries, which take "here and there"to mean "in the (prajñāpāramitā) sūtras." If one still accepts that bhūtakoṭiṣu takes up "here and there" (which is likely, given the other correspondences between I.156ab and I.158), C’s rendering "in [myriads of] sūtras" (sūtra [koṭi] ṣu, with "sūtra"in transcription!) instead of bhūtakoṭiṣu seems to make much more sense. Also, if bhūtakoṭiṣu referred back to "in each sentient being,"it would pick up a phrase in I.156d, whereas all other correspondences with I.158 are only to I.156ab. Thus, I would prefer to read I.158ab as "It has been stated in myriads of sūtras that conditioned phenomena are void in all aspects." However, since the Sanskrit and DP as well as all Tibetan commentaries agree on bhūta°, while C is the only exception, I reluctantly follow the former in reading bhūta°.
- Skt. tantre punar ihottare. As mentioned before, this phrase uses the title of the present text (Uttaratantra) in the sense of the teachings on buddha nature being the latest and also highest teachings of the Buddha. VT (fol. 14r1–2) glosses this phrase as "latest text" or "latest section" (uttaragrantha).
- VT (fol. 14r2) glosses "what is unreal" (abhūtaṃ) as "all flaws" and "what is real" (bhūtaṃ) as "all qualities."
- With Schmithausen, I follow MA taddoṣanairātmyaśuddhiprakṛtayo against J and VT (fol. 14r2) taddoṣanairātmyaṃ śuddhiprakṛtayo.
- Obermiller, E. "The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation Being a Manual of Buddhist Monism." Acta Orientalia IX (1931), pp. 81-306.
- Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Serie Orientale Roma 33. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (ISMEO), 1966.
- Fuchs, Rosemarie, trans. Buddha Nature: The Mahayana Uttaratantra Shastra. Commentary by Jamgon Kongtrul and explanations by Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso. Ithaca, N. Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 2000.
།ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ་གཉིས་པོ་འདིའི་དོན་ནི་མདོར་བསྡུས་ཏེ་ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ་བཅུས་རིག་པར་བྱ་སྟེ། ཡང་དག་མཐའ་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ཀྱིས། །རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་དབེན་པ་སྟེ། །ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་དང་རྣམ་སྨིན་དོན། །སྤྲིན་{br}ལ་སོགས་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བརྗོད། །ཉོན་མོངས་སྤྲིན་འདྲ་བྱ་བ་ཡི། །ལས་ནི་རྨི་ལམ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་བཞིན། །ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན། །ཕུང་པོ་སྒྱུ་མ་སྤྲུལ་པ་བཞིན། །སྔར་ནི་དེ་ལྟར་རྣམ་གཞག་ནས། །སླར་ཡང་བླ་མའི་རྒྱུད་འདིར་ནི། །ཉེས་པ་ལྔ་དག་སྤང་བའི་ཕྱིར། །ཁམས་ཡོད་ཉིད་{br}ཅེས་བསྟན་པ་ཡིན། །འདི་ལྟར་དེ་ནི་མ་ཐོས་པས། །བདག་ལ་བརྙས་པའི་ཉེས་པ་ཡིས། །སེམས་ནི་ཞུམ་པ་འགའ་ཞིག་ལ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་ནི་སྐྱེ་མི་འགྱུར། །གང་ལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་པས། །བདག་ནི་མཆོག་ཅེས་རློམ་པ་ན། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་ལ། །དམན་{br}པའི་འདུ་ཤེས་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག །དེ་ལྟར་སེམས་པ་དེ་ལ་ནི། །ཡང་དག་ཤེས་པ་མི་སྐྱེ་བ། །དེས་ན་ཡང་དག་མི་འཛིན་ཞིང་། །ཡང་དག་དོན་ནི་རིག་མི་འགྱུར། །བཅོས་མ་གློ་བུར་པ་ཉིད་ཕྱིར། །སེམས་ཅན་སྐྱོན་དེ་ཡང་དག་མིན། །ཡང་དག་ཉེས་དེ་བདག་མེད་པ། །ཡོན་ཏན་རང་བཞིན་དག་པ་{br}ཡིན། །ཡང་དག་མིན་པའི་ཉེས་འཛིན་ཞིང་། །ཡང་དག་ཡོན་ཏན་སྐུར་འདེབས་པ། །བློ་ལྡན་བདག་དང་སེམས་ཅན་ནི། །མཚུངས་མཐོང་བྱམས་པ་ཐོབ་མི་འགྱུར། །འདི་ལྟར་དེ་ནི་ཐོས་པ་ལས། །སྤྲོ་དང་སྟོན་པ་བཞིན་གུས་དང་། །ཤེས་རབ་ཡེ་ཤེས་བྱམས་ཆེན་སྐྱེ། །ཆོས་ལྔ་སྐྱེ་ཕྱིར་དེ་{br}ལ་ནི། །ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་མེད་མཚུངས་ལྟར། །སྐྱོན་མེད་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྡན་པ་དང་། །བདག་དང་སེམས་ཅན་མཚུངས་བྱས་ཏེ། །སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་ནི་མྱུར་དུ་འཐོབ།