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<div class="h1 large pecha-back-color text-center m-0" style="color: rgb(255, 252, 241); padding: 2em 0;">Explore
<div class="h1 large explore-page-bg text-center m-0" style="padding: 2em 0;">Explore</div>
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<div class="position-relative section-header pt-5 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Explore the subjects</div>
<div class="position-relative section-header pt-5 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Explore the subjects
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<div class="text-80 text-muted position-absolute" style="bottom: 7px; right: 10px;">[[Site Guide|Complete Site Guide]]</div>
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{{LocalTile
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|link=Questions
|link=Questions
|header=The Questions
|header=The Questions
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/c/c0/Buddha_disciples_gold.jpg/800px-Buddha_disciples_gold.jpg
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/c/c0/Buddha_disciples_gold.jpg/800px-Buddha_disciples_gold.jpg
|content=Why is buddha-nature important? What would it mean to not have buddha-nature? Is buddha-nature the soul? These and other common questions about buddha-nature are outlined below, with links to readings, videos, and other material to help you explore further. New to Buddhist ideas? Click on Discover below.
|content=Why is buddha-nature important? What would it mean to not have buddha-nature? Is buddha-nature the soul? These and other common questions about buddha-nature are outlined below, with links to readings, videos, and other material to help you explore further. New to Buddhist ideas? Click on Discover below.
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|link=Ideas
|link=Ideas
|header=The Ideas
|header=The Ideas
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/6/67/Sthiramati.jpg/648px-Sthiramati.jpg
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/6/67/Sthiramati.jpg/648px-Sthiramati.jpg
|content=Is buddha-nature already perfected and simply obscured by delusion, or is it a seed or potential that must be cultivated and perfected? Is buddha-nature a definitive or provisional teaching? Is it the mind's natural luminosity, or is it the same as emptiness? These are questions that cut to the heart of Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrine regarding the nature of enlightenment, reality, and the Path. This page introduces some of the key questions in buddha-nature theory, framed in terms of binaries.
|content=Is buddha-nature already perfected and simply obscured by delusion, or is it a seed or potential that must be cultivated and perfected? Is buddha-nature a definitive or provisional teaching? Is it the mind's natural luminosity, or is it the same as emptiness? These are questions that cut to the heart of Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrine regarding the nature of enlightenment, reality, and the Path. This page introduces some of the key questions in buddha-nature theory, framed in terms of binaries.
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|link=Topics
|link=Topics
|header=The Topics
|header=The Topics
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|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/c/c1/Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg/400px-Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg
|content=In the latter stages of its historical development in India, the idea of buddha-nature emerged as one of the most salient features of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. As this form of Buddhism spread beyond the cultural milieu of ancient India, the importance of buddha-nature became evermore pronounced. In East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, buddha-nature came to be a major keystone in the assimilation and adaptation of the Indian scriptural tradition. And, as these forms of Buddhism expanded upon that Indian heritage and developed their own literary expression of the Buddhist teachings, buddha-nature continued to be a major theme that was revisited again and again. Thus buddha-nature was weaved into the very fabric of these Buddhist traditions. Below you will find a list of pertinent topics related to buddha-nature, along with some of the major themes in which it played a crucial role.
|content=In the latter stages of its historical development in India, the idea of buddha-nature emerged as one of the most salient features of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. As this form of Buddhism spread beyond the cultural milieu of ancient India, the importance of buddha-nature became evermore pronounced. In East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, buddha-nature came to be a major keystone in the assimilation and adaptation of the Indian scriptural tradition. And, as these forms of Buddhism expanded upon that Indian heritage and developed their own literary expression of the Buddhist teachings, buddha-nature continued to be a major theme that was revisited again and again. Thus buddha-nature was weaved into the very fabric of these Buddhist traditions. Below you will find a list of pertinent topics related to buddha-nature, along with some of the major themes in which it played a crucial role.
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|link=People
|link=People
|header=The People
|header=The People
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/a/a3/Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg/419px-Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a3/Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg/419px-Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg
|content=As one of the key doctrines of Mahāyāna Buddhism, buddha-nature has been taught by many of the greatest masters of India, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for well over a thousand years. Here you will find introductions to the many authors who have written on the topic, from the luminaries of Indian Madhyamaka to the great saints of Japan and Tibet. Also in this section, you will find pages for the many contemporary scholars and teachers who have written and spoken on buddha-nature. Simply filter the entire list using the search/filter bar below.
|content=As one of the key doctrines of Mahāyāna Buddhism, buddha-nature has been taught by many of the greatest masters of India, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for well over a thousand years. Here you will find introductions to the many authors who have written on the topic, from the luminaries of Indian Madhyamaka to the great saints of Japan and Tibet. Also in this section, you will find pages for the many contemporary scholars and teachers who have written and spoken on buddha-nature. Simply filter the entire list using the search/filter bar below.
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|link=History
|link=History
|header=The History
|header=The History
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/a/a3/Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg/320px-Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a3/Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg/320px-Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg
|content=The doctrine of buddha-nature became widespread in India in the first centuries of the Common Era. Although the ideas have roots that stretch back to the earliest teachings of the Buddha, the concept of tathāgatagarbha—"womb or seed of buddhahood"—was first taught in Mahāyāna communities. It was related to, but most likely distinct from both Madhyamaka and Yogācāra, the dominant schools of the Mahāyāna, emerging primarily from a corpus of scripture collectively known as Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and a commentary on them known as the Ratnagotravibhāga. As these scriptures circulated in India and were translated into Chinese and Tibetan, buddha-nature theory spread and was ultimately integrated—albeit with significant differences—into all philosophical schools and traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from Japanese Zen to Tibetan Mahāmudrā.
|content=The doctrine of buddha-nature became widespread in India in the first centuries of the Common Era. Although the ideas have roots that stretch back to the earliest teachings of the Buddha, the concept of tathāgatagarbha—"womb or seed of buddhahood"—was first taught in Mahāyāna communities. It was related to, but most likely distinct from both Madhyamaka and Yogācāra, the dominant schools of the Mahāyāna, emerging primarily from a corpus of scripture collectively known as Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and a commentary on them known as the Ratnagotravibhāga. As these scriptures circulated in India and were translated into Chinese and Tibetan, buddha-nature theory spread and was ultimately integrated—albeit with significant differences—into all philosophical schools and traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from Japanese Zen to Tibetan Mahāmudrā.
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|link=Themes
|header=The Themes
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/thumb.php?f=Jason-leung-D4YrzSwyIEc-unsplash.jpg&width=400
|content=Here you will find some examples of major themes in which the influence of buddha-nature is readily apparent.
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<div class="section-header pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Featured Content</div>
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{{LocalTile
{{LocalTile
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|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
|header=The Literature
|link=Events
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/d/d0/Sutra.jpg
|header=Events
|content=Texts and multilingual resources.
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/9/97/Vienna_2019_-_Day_2_-_July_17th_-_01.jpg/800px-Vienna_2019_-_Day_2_-_July_17th_-_01.jpg
|left-bottom-label=expand
|content=This page of events related to the Buddha-Nature project includes recordings from scholarly meetings, special interviews and speeches, as well as online events hosted by Tsadra Foundation.
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|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/7/7f/Articles.jpeg/320px-Articles.jpeg
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|text=The Bibliography
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|link=Primary_Sources
|text=The Source Texts
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|link=Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga_Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra
|text=The Ratnagotravibhaga
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|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/d/d8/Sutra_alt.jpeg
|link=Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga_Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra/Root_Verses
|text=The Multilingual Root Verses
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{{LocalTile
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|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
|header=The Library
|link=Topic_of_the_week
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/7/79/Library-unsplash.jpg/320px-Library-unsplash.jpg
|header=Topic of the week
|content=A curated space for publications on buddha-nature.
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a2/Pecha-pixabay.jpg/800px-Pecha-pixabay.jpg
|left-bottom-label=expand
|content=Read regular posts from the writer-in-digital-residence, Lopen Dr. Karma Phuntsho.
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|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/7/79/Library-unsplash.jpg/320px-Library-unsplash.jpg
|text=The Complete Library
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|link=Glossary
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|text=Terms Glossary
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|link=Secondary_Sources
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/7/7f/Articles.jpeg/320px-Articles.jpeg
|text=The Bibliography
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|header=The Buddha-Nature Themes
|link=Buddha-Nature_Event-19_September_2020
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/c/c1/Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg/400px-Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg
|header=Celebrating Buddha-Nature
|content=Here you will find some examples of major themes in which the influence of buddha-nature is readily apparent.
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/5/57/Buddha_Life_Deeds_-_Activity_-_Cropped.jpg/800px-Buddha_Life_Deeds_-_Activity_-_Cropped.jpg
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|content=Live Event: Celebrating Buddha-Nature · Join us on Zoom or Facebook live as we celebrate Buddha-Nature teachings.
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|link=The Seven Vajra Topics
|text=The Seven Vajra Topics
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|link=The Nine Similes
|text=The Nine Similes
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/5/57/Buddha_Within.jpg
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|link=The Traditions of Ngok and Tsen
|text=The Traditions of Ngok and Tsen
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/d/de/Ngok_Lotsawa.jpg
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|link=Other-Emptiness and the Great Middle Way
|text=Other-Emptiness and the Great Middle Way
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|link=Mahāmudrā and Buddha-Nature
|text=Mahāmudrā & Buddha-Nature
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|link=Dzogchen and Buddha-Nature
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|link=Contemporary Masters on Buddha-Nature
|text=Contemporary Masters on Buddha-Nature
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{{FeaturedItem
|page=2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu
|title=Buddha-Nature Conference, Shechen Monastery, Kathmandu, June 1–3, 2023
|description=[[Image:Kathmandu-2023-June3-22.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu|]]In connection with the Buddha-Nature resource project, Tsadra Foundation hosted a three-day conference from June 1–3, 2023 by inviting some 20 speakers of outstanding erudition representing the different Tibetan Buddhist traditions to discuss buddha-nature, related texts, theories, and practices. The conference was attended by over two hundred scholars from 32 monastic learning centers in and around Kathmandu, broadcast live and the proceedings were recorded. The conference proved to be a lively and stimulating debate from the very first presentation! Great minds lectured and debated on our true nature of compassion and wisdom, using airplanes, pet bottles, and bouquets as examples to argue or counterargue that all beings or all things have the luminous buddha-nature. The conversations were marked by penetrating intellectual acuity, a robust sense of humor sending forth frequent bursts of laughter, and a deep sense of mutual respect and humility, thus making a significant contribution to the understanding of buddha-nature. <br> <span class="float-right">[[2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
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{{#ask: [[Media/Lopon_Karma_Phuntso's_Introduction_of_Kyoton's_Life_and_Works]]OR[[Media/Khenpo_Tenpa_Tshering_at_the_2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference]]OR[[Media/Geshe_Lobsang_Gyatso_at_the_2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference]]
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|page=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia
|page=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia
|title=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia: The 2019 Vienna Symposium
|title=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia: The 2019 Vienna Symposium
|description=[[Image:Vienna-Symposium-Banner-for-Workshops-Meetings-Tsadra-website.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|]]Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
|description=[[Image:Vienna-Symposium-Banner-for-Workshops-Meetings-Tsadra-website.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|]]Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
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|page=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
|title=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
|description=[[Image:Prague IATS1-1.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|]]Tsadra Foundation supported a panel at the 2022 IATS Conference in Prague. [[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|Watch the presentations here]].<br><br>''Panel Description:'' Continued scholarly publications, Buddhist teaching events, the recent development of online buddha-nature resources, and the associated Tathāgatagarbha symposium in Vienna in 2019 have spurred greater interest in the topic both within Tibetan Buddhist traditions and among other spiritual traditions. This panel brings together experts in an attempt to refine and deepen our understanding of buddha-nature both in terms of theoretical interpretations and practical applications in Tibetan Buddhist communities, past or present.<br><br>The main objective of the panel focuses on the interplay between points of doctrine and the practice of the path from the perspective of various Tibetan traditions and scholars. Contributions examine the interpretations of doctrines of tathāgatagarbha originally found in Indian scriptural sources. The methodological approach of these contributions range from historical-philological investigations to ethnographic research and comparative analysis. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
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{{#ask: [[Media/Christopher_Jones:_Defining_a_"Buddha-Nature_Discourse":_The_Case_of_the_Mahāmeghasūtra_(Sprin_chen_po'i_mdo)]]OR[[Media/Yaroslav_Komarovski:_Shakya_Chokden_on_Tathāgatagarbha_in_the_Tantric_Practice_of_the_Two_Stages]]OR[[Casey_Kemp:_Buddha-Nature_as_a_Path_of_Means:_The_Influence_of_Buddha-Nature_Theory_on_Eleventh-Century_Tibetan_Tantric_Instructions]]
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|page=Articles/Karl_Brunnhölzl_Interview_on_Buddha-Nature
|page=Articles/Karl_Brunnhölzl_Interview_on_Buddha-Nature
|title=Interview with Karl Brunnhölzl on Buddha-Nature
|title=Interview with Karl Brunnhölzl on Buddha-Nature
|description=In this wide-ranging video interview, Karl Brunnhölzl discusses buddha-nature and the key topics related to it. He begins by defining buddha-nature and then moves on to discuss such topics as the debate that the doctrine has generated, the concepts of emptiness and luminosity, and how buddha-nature relates to Vajrayana practice.
|description=In this wide-ranging video interview, Karl Brunnhölzl discusses buddha-nature and the key topics related to it. He begins by defining buddha-nature and then moves on to discuss such topics as the debate that the doctrine has generated, the concepts of emptiness and luminosity, and how buddha-nature relates to Vajrayana practice.
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/f/f5/Brunnholzl-2017_Square.png/600px-Brunnholzl-2017_Square.png
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{{#ask: [[Media/What Is Buddha-Nature? by Karl Brunnhölzl]]OR[[Media/Emptiness or Luminosity: What's the Deal? by Karl Brunnhölzl]]
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<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Karl Brunnhölzl]]</div>
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|link=/index.php/Books/When_the_Clouds_Part
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<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Karl Brunnhölzl]]</div>
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{{FeaturedItem
|page=People/Phuntsho,_Karma
|title=New Writer-In-Digital-Residence: Karma Phuntsho, 2020-2022
|description=<p>The writer-in-digital-residence is the recipient of a grant designed to support Tsadra Foundation’s Buddhist literacy projects that connect the larger public with academic research and advance understanding of specific aspects of Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Writers help to curate this online resource and write essays on the history, philosophy, and practices associated with buddha-nature teachings and tathāgatagarbha theory in Tibet. These essays are addressed to an audience of educated readers of Buddhist materials and Buddhist practitioners.</p>
<p>Lopen (Dr) Karma Phuntsho is one of Bhutan’s leading intellectuals. He has finished monastic training in Bhutan and India before he pursued a M.St in Classical Indian Religions, and D.Phil in Oriental Studies at Balliol College, Oxford. He was a researcher at CNRS, Paris, a Research Associate at Department of Social Anthropology and the Spalding Fellow for Comparative Religion at Clare Hall, Cambridge University, and Research Consultant at University of Virginia. An author of over hundred books and articles including the authoritative History of Bhutan and Mipham’s Dialectics and the Debates on Emptiness, he speaks and writes extensively on Bhutan and Buddhism. [[Karma Phuntsho|Read a complete bio]].</p>
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/1/14/Tricycle_Bhutan-Karma-Phuntsho.jpg/800px-Tricycle_Bhutan-Karma-Phuntsho.jpg
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<div class="col-12 section-header mt-2 mb-4 py-2 pl-lg-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Translation project</div>
<div class="col-12 section-header mt-2 mb-4 py-2 pl-lg-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Conversations on Buddha-Nature</div>
<div class="col-lg-9 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-4">
<div class="col-lg-9 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-4">
<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">'Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal's Commentary on the Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā</div>
<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Chatting with teachers, leaders, and influencers in the Dharma World</div>
<div>
<div>
'Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal's (1392–1481) extensive commentary on the Ratnagotravibhāga (RGV), the standard Indian treatise on the doctrine of buddha nature, provides a rich source of information about the early transmission of the Tibetan Buddhist canon. In it we find not only a complete 15th-century Tibetan version of the RGV (including Asaṅga's commentary), but also a critical philological review of the earlier Tibetan canonical translation by rNgog Blo ldan shes rab (1059–1109) against the background of the original Sanskrit about which 'Gos Lo tsā ba was exceptionally knowledgeable. 'Gos Lo tsā ba's study, rife with quotations from a great variety of texts from both the bKa' 'gyur and bsTan 'gyur, thus offers representative samples from all strands of Indian Buddhist literature.
Tsadra Foundation is excited to support Karma Phuntsho in developing a series of online events called "[[Conversations on Buddha-Nature]]". This podcast-like project will be space for stimulating and inspiring conversations on Buddha-Nature and related subjects. As a part of the Buddha-Nature Project of the Tsadra Foundation, Karma Phuntsho will host conversations with a Buddhist leader, influencer or expert each month on the theories and practices of Buddha-Nature, which will be live on Facebook. An exercise of mindful listening, right speech, and wholesome exploration of meaning and nature of life, these conversations aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of Buddha-Nature and promote the ethos of innate goodness and positive perception.
'Gos Lo tsā ba's Gyülama commentary is not only the first available commentary belonging to the meditation tradition (Tib. sgom lugs) of the Maitreya works, but also includes a tradition of teaching Mahāmudrā based on the sūtras and the works of Maitreya, a tradition that 'Gos Lo tsā ba traces back to the tantric ryadeva, Jñānakīrti (10th/11th cent.), Maitrīpa (986–1063), Pha dam pa Sangs rgyas, and rGod tshang ras pa (1189–1258). Although 'Gos Lo tsā ba received a full-fledged bKa' gdams pa education, he remained unbiased toward other Tibetan schools and received instructions from the most important masters of his time, including Tsong kha pa (1357-1419), whose analytical approach toward the Buddhist doctrine impressed him greatly. Particularly remarkable is 'Gos Lo tsā ba's observation that Tsong kha pa taught a distinction between provisional and definitive meaning based on the Gyülama.
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<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-3 border-bottom-rightfade">Translators</div>
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{{PeopleMentionedMedia|People/Querl,_K.|showdates=no|height=auto}}
{{PeopleMentionedMedia|People/Thurman,_R.|showdates=no|height=auto|margins=m-0}}
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|title=Buddha-Nature in Comparative Perspective
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|description=In this video interview Wulstan Fletcher discusses Mipham's and Longchenpa's approach to buddha-nature as well as his personal experiences with buddha-nature teachings and how they have influenced his practice.
|description=In this video interview Wulstan Fletcher discusses Mipham's and Longchenpa's approach to buddha-nature as well as his personal experiences with buddha-nature teachings and how they have influenced his practice.
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|title=Interview with Elizabeth Callahan on Buddha-Nature
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{{FeaturedItem
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|page=Primary_Sources
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|description=<div class="section-header mt-2 mb-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Study the sources</div> The seeds of buddha-nature teachings are sprinkled throughout the sutras and tantras of the Buddhist canon. A core group of scripture that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries. These include the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'' and several others. The famous ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', or "Gyu Lama" as it is known in the Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the ''Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna'' (大乗起信論) was the most influential treatise in spreading buddha-nature theory.<p class="featured-link">[[Primary Sources|Read more on the sources for buddha-nature teachings...]]</p>
|description=<div class="section-header mt-2 mb-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Study the sources</div>
|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images-commons/thumb/c/c7/Maitreya_statue.jpg/431px-Maitreya_statue.jpg
<div class="pl-lg-5 pr-lg-4">The seeds of buddha-nature teachings are sprinkled throughout the sutras and tantras of the Buddhist canon. A core group of scripture that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries. These include the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'' and several others. The famous ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', or "Gyu Lama" as it is known in the Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the ''Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna'' (大乗起信論) was the most influential treatise in spreading buddha-nature theory.<p class="featured-link">[[Primary Sources|Read more on the sources for buddha-nature teachings...]]</p></div>
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|textclasses=maitreya-gradient pt-2 pb-3
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|text=The Ratnagotravibhāga
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|link=Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga_Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra/Root_Verses
|header=The Root Verses <i class="fad fa-caret-right align-middle"></i>
|header=The Root Verses <i class="fad fa-caret-right align-middle"></i>
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|content=Study the Uttaratantra's root verses in multiple languages.<br>Click to view all verses
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|watermark=
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Kathmandu-2023-June3-22.jpgIn connection with the Buddha-Nature resource project, Tsadra Foundation hosted a three-day conference from June 1–3, 2023 by inviting some 20 speakers of outstanding erudition representing the different Tibetan Buddhist traditions to discuss buddha-nature, related texts, theories, and practices. The conference was attended by over two hundred scholars from 32 monastic learning centers in and around Kathmandu, broadcast live and the proceedings were recorded. The conference proved to be a lively and stimulating debate from the very first presentation! Great minds lectured and debated on our true nature of compassion and wisdom, using airplanes, pet bottles, and bouquets as examples to argue or counterargue that all beings or all things have the luminous buddha-nature. The conversations were marked by penetrating intellectual acuity, a robust sense of humor sending forth frequent bursts of laughter, and a deep sense of mutual respect and humility, thus making a significant contribution to the understanding of buddha-nature.
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Vienna-Symposium-Banner-for-Workshops-Meetings-Tsadra-website.jpgIncreased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications.
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Prague IATS1-1.jpgTsadra Foundation supported a panel at the 2022 IATS Conference in Prague. Watch the presentations here.

Panel Description: Continued scholarly publications, Buddhist teaching events, the recent development of online buddha-nature resources, and the associated Tathāgatagarbha symposium in Vienna in 2019 have spurred greater interest in the topic both within Tibetan Buddhist traditions and among other spiritual traditions. This panel brings together experts in an attempt to refine and deepen our understanding of buddha-nature both in terms of theoretical interpretations and practical applications in Tibetan Buddhist communities, past or present.

The main objective of the panel focuses on the interplay between points of doctrine and the practice of the path from the perspective of various Tibetan traditions and scholars. Contributions examine the interpretations of doctrines of tathāgatagarbha originally found in Indian scriptural sources. The methodological approach of these contributions range from historical-philological investigations to ethnographic research and comparative analysis.
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In this wide-ranging video interview, Karl Brunnhölzl discusses buddha-nature and the key topics related to it. He begins by defining buddha-nature and then moves on to discuss such topics as the debate that the doctrine has generated, the concepts of emptiness and luminosity, and how buddha-nature relates to Vajrayana practice.

The writer-in-digital-residence is the recipient of a grant designed to support Tsadra Foundation’s Buddhist literacy projects that connect the larger public with academic research and advance understanding of specific aspects of Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Writers help to curate this online resource and write essays on the history, philosophy, and practices associated with buddha-nature teachings and tathāgatagarbha theory in Tibet. These essays are addressed to an audience of educated readers of Buddhist materials and Buddhist practitioners.

Lopen (Dr) Karma Phuntsho is one of Bhutan’s leading intellectuals. He has finished monastic training in Bhutan and India before he pursued a M.St in Classical Indian Religions, and D.Phil in Oriental Studies at Balliol College, Oxford. He was a researcher at CNRS, Paris, a Research Associate at Department of Social Anthropology and the Spalding Fellow for Comparative Religion at Clare Hall, Cambridge University, and Research Consultant at University of Virginia. An author of over hundred books and articles including the authoritative History of Bhutan and Mipham’s Dialectics and the Debates on Emptiness, he speaks and writes extensively on Bhutan and Buddhism. Read a complete bio.

Conversations on Buddha-Nature
Chatting with teachers, leaders, and influencers in the Dharma World

Tsadra Foundation is excited to support Karma Phuntsho in developing a series of online events called "Conversations on Buddha-Nature". This podcast-like project will be space for stimulating and inspiring conversations on Buddha-Nature and related subjects. As a part of the Buddha-Nature Project of the Tsadra Foundation, Karma Phuntsho will host conversations with a Buddhist leader, influencer or expert each month on the theories and practices of Buddha-Nature, which will be live on Facebook. An exercise of mindful listening, right speech, and wholesome exploration of meaning and nature of life, these conversations aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of Buddha-Nature and promote the ethos of innate goodness and positive perception.

Speakers
Karma Phuntsho
Robert Thurman
Matthieu Ricard
From the experts
In this interview Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes discusses buddha-nature and the key ideas behind it, the controversies it generates, and some of the related Buddhist philosophy in comparative perspective.
In this video interview Wulstan Fletcher discusses Mipham's and Longchenpa's approach to buddha-nature as well as his personal experiences with buddha-nature teachings and how they have influenced his practice.
In this video interview Elizabeth Callahan discusses the key terminology that is used when speaking of buddha-nature. She explains the term ordinary mind and elaborates on the meaning of buddha-nature.
Other Interviews
Publications
Study the sources
The seeds of buddha-nature teachings are sprinkled throughout the sutras and tantras of the Buddhist canon. A core group of scripture that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries. These include the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, the Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, the Śrīmālādevīsūtra and several others. The famous Laṅkāvatārasūtra was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, or "Gyu Lama" as it is known in the Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna (大乗起信論) was the most influential treatise in spreading buddha-nature theory.
Explore the root verses
I.28

རྫོགས་སངས་སྐུ་ནི་འཕྲོ་ཕྱིར་དང་། །
དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་དབྱེར་མེད་ཕྱིར་དང་། །
རིགས་ཡོད་ཕྱིར་ན་ལུས་ཅན་ཀུན། །
རྟག་ཏུ་སངས་རྒྱས་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན། །

Since the perfect buddhakaya radiates,
Since suchness is undifferentiable,
And because of the disposition,
All beings always possess the buddha heart.
French

संबुद्धकायस्फरणात् तथताव्यतिभेदतः
गोत्रतश्च सदा सर्वे बुद्धगर्भाः शरीरिणः

佛法身遍滿 真如無差別
皆實有佛性 是故說常有

(The Chinese translation collapses verses I:27 and I:28 into one verse. See Takasaki, page 197 note #2, for his speculation on this verse in the various languages.)
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Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

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Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.



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Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257. BDRC Logo.png BDRC
།དེ་ལ་དྲི་མ་{br}དང་བཅས་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་མཛད་ནས་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན་ནོ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་དོན་གང་གི་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། རྫོགས་སངས་སྐུ་ནི་འཕྲོ་ཕྱིར་དང་། །དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་དབྱེར་མེད་ཕྱིར་དང་། །རིགས་ཡོད་ཕྱིར་ན་ལུས་ཅན་{br}ཀུན། །རྟག་ཏུ་སངས་རྒྱས་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན། །མདོར་བསྡུ་ན་དོན་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་གྱིས་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ནི་རྟག་ཏུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན་ནོ་ཞེས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་གསུངས་ཏེ། སངས་རྒྱས་ཡེ་ཤེས་སེམས་ཅན་ཚོགས་ཞུགས་ཕྱིར། །རང་བཞིན་དྲི་མེད་{br}དེ་ནི་གཉིས་མེད་དེ། །སངས་རྒྱས་རིགས་ལ་དེ་འབྲས་ཉེར་བརྟགས་ཕྱིར། །འགྲོ་ཀུན་སངས་རྒྱས་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན་དུ་གསུངས། །དོན་དེ་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་དོན་གང་གིས་གསུང་རབ་ཐམས་ཅད་དུ་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པར་བསྟན་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དེའི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ཏེ་བཤད་པར་

བྱའོ། །འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུས་འཕྲོ་བའི་དོན་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེར་མེད་པའི་དོན་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་རིགས་ཡོད་པའི་དོན་གྱིས་སོ། །དོན་གྱི་གནས་གསུམ་པོ་{br}འདི་དག་ཀྱང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའི་མདོའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་ཏེ་འོག་ནས་སྟོན་པར་འགྱུར་རོ།
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Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

tatra samalāṃ tathatāmadhikṛtya yaduktaṃ sarvasattvāstathāgatagarbhā iti tat kenārthena/


buddhajñānāntargamāt sattvarāśe-

stannairmalyasyādvayatvāt prakṛtyā/

bauddhe gotre tatphalasyopacārā-

duktāḥ sarve dehino buddhagarbhāḥ//27//


saṃbuddhakāyaspharaṇāt tathatāvyatibhedataḥ/

gotrataśca sadā sarve buddhagarbhāḥ śarīriṇaḥ//28//


samāsatastrividhenārthena sadā sarvasattvāstathāgatagarbhā ityuktaṃ bhagavatā/ yaduta sarvasattveṣu tathāgatadharmakāyaparispharaṇārthena tathāgatatathatāvyatibhedārthena tathāgatagotrasaṃbhavārthena ca/ eṣāṃ punastrayāṇāmarthapadānāmutaratra tathāgatagarbhasūtrānusāreṇa nirdeśo bhaviṣyati/ pūrvataraṃ tu yenārthena sarvatrāviśeṣeṇa pravacane sarvākāraṃ tadarthasūcanaṃ bhavati tadapyādhikṛtya nirdekṣyāmi/

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Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

論曰自此已後餘殘論偈次第依彼四句廣差別說應知此以何義向前偈言

真如有雜垢 及遠離諸垢 佛無量功德 及佛所作業 如是妙境界 是諸佛所知 依此妙法身 出生於三寶 此偈示現何義如向所說一切眾生有如來藏彼依何義故如是說偈言

佛法身遍滿 真如無差別 皆實有佛性 是故說常有


此偈明何義有三種義是故如來說一切時一切眾生有如來藏何等為三一者如來法身遍在一切諸眾生身偈言佛法身遍滿故二者如來真如無差別偈言真如無差別故三者一切眾生皆悉實有真如佛性偈言皆實有佛性故此三句義自此下論依如來藏修多羅我後時說應知如偈本言

一切眾生界 不離諸佛智 以彼淨無垢 性體不二故 依一切諸佛 平等法性身 知一切眾生 皆有如來藏

Traditional expositions